Prostate surgery (TURP)

Through the urinary passage, with no outside cut

First things firstYour discharge sheet and your surgeon's instructions come before this page. What follows is food, rest, what the medicines do, and the warning signs. Wound dressing, lifting limits and when to go back to work differ by operation and by surgeon — ask them, not a web page.

1Before the operation

The preparation that changes the outcome.

Specific to this operation

Ask whether semen will start going backwards into the bladder afterwards — it is very common and harmless, but discuss it beforehand if you are planning children.

Applies after any operation

What to stop beforehand

Garlic, ginger, turmeric supplements, ashwagandha, fenugreek, ginkgo, fish oil, vitamin E — several of these thin the blood and can increase bleeding during an operation.

What to do: The full list, and when to stop each, is on its own page. The general rule: confirm every item with your doctor up to two weeks before. Normal cooking amounts are a different matter from taking something as a tablet or extract.

What your doctor must be told

Your surgeon and the anaesthetist need to know everything you are taking — medicines, Ayurvedic powders, vitamins, home decoctions, all of it.

What to do: People often do not count Ayurvedic and home preparations as medicines and leave them out. That is the commonest and most important omission. Carry the packets, or photograph them on your phone — better than trying to remember names.

Stopping smoking

Stopping before surgery cuts the risk of the wound going wrong, of a chest infection, and of a slow recovery. Four weeks ahead helps most, but even a few days is not wasted.

What to do: Stop the day you are given a date. That includes tobacco, gutkha and beedi. Ask your doctor for help stopping — the date of an operation is the best opening you will get.

Building strength beforehand

People who go into surgery stronger and better fed come back faster. That opportunity sits in the waiting weeks and is usually wasted.

What to do: Walk daily, as much as you can manage. Start the deep-breathing practice now — it will feel easy later. Protein at every meal. Get anaemia corrected in advance. If you have diabetes, get it under control — uncontrolled sugar is the biggest single obstacle to a wound healing.

Blood Sugar Balance Anaemia Breathing exercises

Practical preparation

Small things that make the hospital day easier and are hard to remember at the last minute.

What to do: Follow the hospital's fasting instructions, not the internet's. Cut your nails and take off nail polish — the oxygen probe clips onto a finger. Leave all jewellery at home. Loose clothes. Carry your medicine list and old reports. Arrange for someone to be with you for the first week back. Clear the path to the toilet, and put water and essentials within reach of the bed.

2After the operation

What to expect in the first days and weeks.

Burning, frequency and occasional leaking go on for some weeks and settle gradually.

Blood can reappear in the urine at two or three weeks when the internal scab separates — increase water and rest then.

No heavy lifting, cycling or straining for six weeks.

3What to eat

The raw material for repair — and what is different after this operation.

Specific to this operation

Plenty of water, but less after evening — it cuts the night-time trips.

Avoid constipation; straining brings the bleeding back.

Alcohol, caffeine and hot spice irritate the bladder — keep them down for a few weeks.

Applies after any operation

Protein, for the repair

Healing a wound means building new tissue, and the raw material for that is protein. The body needs more than usual after surgery — at exactly the time appetite is lowest.

What to do: Something at every meal: dal, rajma, chana, curd, paneer, egg, fish, chicken soup, moong, sattu, milk. If you are vegetarian, eat dal with rice — together they make a complete protein. If you have kidney disease, ask your doctor before increasing protein.

Low Weight / Weakness General Debility Protein & muscle

Iron, to rebuild the blood

Every operation loses some blood. Rebuilding it needs iron, and absorbing iron needs vitamin C.

What to do: Green leafy vegetables, beetroot, pomegranate, dates, jaggery, til, rajma. With something sour alongside — lemon, amla, orange — which multiplies how much iron is absorbed. Do not drink tea straight after a meal; it blocks iron. Leave an hour.

Anaemia Weakness & Anaemia

Fibre and water

Painkillers, moving less and a changed diet all push towards constipation. After abdominal surgery, straining does the most harm.

What to do: Water through the day, a little at a time rather than all at once. Soaked figs, raisins, munakka at night. Papaya, guava, apple with the skin. Isabgol with a full glass — with too little water it does the opposite. Build fibre up slowly or it brings gas.

Constipation Gas & Bloating

Little and often

A full plate in front of you kills what appetite there is. Six small plates get far more into you over a day.

What to do: Something every two or three hours. A share of protein each time. Liquids count — dal water, soup, buttermilk, milk, sattu. When eating is hard, drinks are the easiest way in.

Poor Appetite Weak Digestion

What to keep away from

A few things work against both a healing wound and a digestion that is only just coming back.

What to do: Deep-fried and heavily spiced food — the stomach cannot handle it in the first weeks. Alcohol — it slows healing and is dangerous alongside painkillers. Smoking — it cuts the oxygen reaching the wound, and is the single most avoidable cause of a wound going wrong. Cut, open street food until your strength is back.

Gastritis Acidity

4What the medicines do

What follows the anaesthetic, the painkillers and the antibiotics.

Constipation from painkillers

Strong painkillers — tramadol, codeine, morphine — slow the bowel down. After surgery this happens to almost everyone; it is not a sign that something has gone wrong.

What to do: Sip water through the day. Soaked raisins, figs or munakka at night. Warm water first thing. Isabgol with a full glass of water. And walk as soon as you are allowed — movement wakes the bowel faster than anything else. Ask your doctor for a stool softener early, rather than once it has set in.

Constipation Stubborn Constipation

Loose motions from antibiotics

Antibiotics clear the gut's useful bacteria along with the harmful ones, so loose stools during the course are common.

What to do: Curd or buttermilk with meals — but keep two hours between it and the antibiotic dose. Rice water, banana, khichdi. Keep your fluids up, ORS if needed. Do not stop the course on your own. Watery motions with fever or blood are not a home matter — see a doctor.

Diarrhea Recurring Diarrhea Gut health drinks

Nausea after anaesthesia

Feeling sick for the first day or two after a general anaesthetic is very common.

What to do: Sips, not glasses. Dry roti, khichdi, plain rice. Once you are allowed, a slice of ginger or dry ginger in warm water. Stay off fried and strong-smelling food for a day. If vomiting keeps up and even water will not stay down, tell your doctor.

Nausea / Vomiting Vomiting Acidity & Nausea

Sore throat and hoarse voice

A breathing tube is passed during general anaesthesia. It leaves the throat sore and the voice hoarse for a few days, and it settles on its own.

What to do: Warm salt-water gargles once you are allowed. Warm liquids — soup, turmeric milk. Honey in warm water (not for babies under one). Rest the voice, and do not whisper — whispering strains it more than speaking softly.

Sore Throat Dry morning throat

No appetite after the medicines

Anaesthesia, painkillers and antibiotics together flatten the appetite for a week or two — at exactly the time the body needs the most food to repair itself.

What to do: Less at a time, six times a day. Something with protein each time — dal, curd, paneer, egg, sattu. Jeera or ajwain water before eating. A sour taste opens the appetite — lemon, amla, pomegranate. Six small plates beat one forced large one.

Poor Appetite Loss of Appetite Weak Digestion

5Changes in the body

Skin, hair, and the changes nobody warns you about.

Weakness that lasts for weeks

Even a small operation costs several weeks of strength. People expect to feel normal as soon as the stitches come out, and are alarmed when they do not.

What to do: Protein at every meal. Get checked for anaemia. Some sunlight daily. Start walking short and add a little each week — judge it by weeks, not days. On a day you overdo it, do less the next day rather than stopping.

General Debility Chronic Fatigue General Weakness / Tonic Anaemia

6Days in bed

Lying still carries its own risks — these are what prevent them.

Keep the ankles moving — to prevent clots

Lying still slows the blood in the leg veins and raises the risk of a clot. After surgery that risk is already higher than usual.

What to do: Every waking hour: pull both feet towards you and point them away, twenty times. Do not keep a pillow permanently under the knees. Whenever you are allowed, get out of bed and take a few steps — that beats any medicine for this. If compression stockings were given, keep them on.

Ankle exercises For standing jobs

Deep breathing — to keep the chest clear

Anaesthesia and pain make the breathing shallow, the lower parts of the lungs do not open fully, and infection settles there. The risk is highest after abdominal or chest surgery.

What to do: Ten deep breaths every hour — in through the nose, hold for two, slowly out through the mouth. Then one huff — mouth open, push the air out fast, not a cough. Press a pillow against the wound while coughing or huffing; it cuts the pain a great deal. If you were given a spirometer, use it as often as instructed.

Breathing exercises

Constipation from lying in bed

The bowel slows as soon as you stop moving. With painkillers on top of that, more so.

What to do: Water through the day. Soaked figs or raisins at night. Warm water in the morning. Eat sitting up in bed rather than lying down. Do not hold it back and do not strain — straining is the worst thing for abdominal stitches. If it goes past three days, tell your doctor.